Laboratory Health and Safety Manual, University of Massachusetts at Amherst

Laboratory Health and Safety Manual
University of Massachusetts at Amherst
January 2000

This manual was written and approved by members of the Chemical Hazards Use Committee and Environmental Health and Safety staff.

Elizabeth Blunt-Harris	Jerrold Meyer	Valerie Steinberg
Daniel Boisclair	Phuong Morgan	Michael Weinberg
John Clark	Marvin Rausch	Edward Westhead
Lyle Craker	Donald Robinson	Phillip Westmoreland
Salvatore DiNardi, Chairperson	Peter Samal
David Hoagland	Lawrence Schwartz

Introduction		V
Chapter 1	Laboratory Health and Safety Plan	1-1
	Introduction	1-2
	Administrative Responsibilities	1-2
	Safety Committees	1-4
	Laboratory Construction and Renovation	1-4
Chapter 2	Laboratory Practices and Equipment	2-1
	Safety Procedures	2-2
	Laboratory Equipment	2-3
	Laboratory Safety Surveys	2-5
Chapter 3	Personal Protective Equipment	3-1
	Protective Equipment Policy	3-2
	Eye and Face Protection	3-2
	Laboratory Coats and Gloves	3-2
	Respiratory Protection	3-2
Chapter 4	Ventilation	4-1
	Laboratory Ventilation Policy	4-2
	Fume Hoods	4-2
	Glove Boxes	4-3
	Gas Cabinets	4-3
	Biological Safety Cabinets	4-4
	Horizontal Laminar Flow Hoods	4-4
	Containment in Vacuum Systems	4-4
Chapter 5	Emergencies and Accidents	5-1
	Preparation	5-2
	In the Event of a Chemical Spill	5-2
	In the Event of a Fire	5-2
	Accidents and Injuries	5-3
Chapter 6	Exposure Monitoring and Medical Treatment	6-1
	Exposure Monitoring	6-2
	Medical Examination and Consultation	6-2
Chapter 7	Training and Information	7-1
	Training and Information Policy	7-2
	Laboratory Safety Training	7-2
	Fire Safety Training	7-2
	Supplemental Training	7-2
Chapter 8	Recordkeeping	8-1
	Medical Records	8-2
	Training Records	8-2
Chapter 9	Handling and Disposal of Chemicals	9-1
	Chemical Procurement and Distribution	9-2
	Chemical Storage	9-2
	Labeling Chemicals	9-3
	Transportation of Chemicals	9-3
	Chemical Waste	9-3
	Special Handling Procedures for Chemicals	9-4
Chapter 10	Biological Safety	10-1
	Pathogenic Microorganisms	10-2
	Laboratory Animals	10-2
	Human Blood and Body Fluids	10-2
	Recombinant DNA	10-3
	Importation and Interstate Shipment of Pathogens	10-3
	Biosafety Practices and Safety Equipment	10-4
	Biohazard Waste Disposal Practices	10-5
Chapter 11	Radiation Safety	11-1
Chapter 12	UMASS Policies and Procedures	12-1
	Laboratory Clean Out of Hazardous Materials	12-2
	Hazardous Lecture Bottle Use and Policy	12-5
Chapter 13	Individual Laboratory Health and Safety Plan	13-1
	Laboratory Safety Checklist	13-2
	Laboratory Health and Safety Plan Sample	13-3
Glossary	Definitions and Acronyms	Glossary-1
Appendix A	References	A-1
Appendix B	Campus Organizations Involved w/Lab Safety	B-1
Appendix C	OSHA Lab Standard	C-1
Appendix D	Laboratory Construction & Renovation Guide	D-1
Appendix E	Laboratory Safety Inspection Checklist	E-1
Appendix F	Laboratory Accident Report Form	F-1
Appendix G	Incompatible Chemicals	G-1
Appendix H	High Energy Oxidizers	H-1
Appendix I	Chemicals that Form Peroxides in Storage	I-1
Appendix J	Threshold Limit Values for Hazardous Gases	J-1
Appendix K	Carcinogens	K-1
	Known Carcinogens	K-1
	Probable Carcinogens	K-2
Appendix L	Chemical Disinfectants	L-1

Laboratory Health and Safety Manual

No Job Should Be Considered So Important That It Cannot Be Done Safely

This Laboratory Health and Safety Plan details safety practices and standards at the University. This plan has been developed by the University of Massachusetts Amherst, Division of Environmental Health and Safety with review and approval from the Chemical Hazard Use Committee. It comprises a set of laboratory health and safety policies to protect employees at UMass/Amherst and its outreach Experiment Stations where personnel are working with or will come in contact with hazardous materials in the laboratory environment. The Laboratory Health and Safety Plan will be reviewed annually by the Chemical Hazards Use Committee and updated as necessary.

The purpose of this plan is to provide a framework for recognizing, evaluating, and controlling hazards associated with laboratory operations. Implementation of this plan depends on the cooperation of department chairpersons, faculty, laboratory staff, students, EH&S staff, and members of safety committees. The responsibility for safety and health must be shared by all and we must work towards meeting the standards set forth in this plan with the common goal of promoting a healthy and safe environment for all employees and students. We recognize that in some situations, proper facilities and equipment are not available for conducting projects. When this is the case, faculty members should consult with the Departmental Health and Safety Coordinator, EH&S, and Safety Committees for assistance in evaluating hazards and finding ways to conduct work in a safe and healthy manner.

Since laboratory activities are so diverse, this publication should not be considered a complete listing of all potential hazards. Individuals with additional questions should consult the references noted in Appendix A, or call the Division of Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) at 545-2682. Other campus organizations involved with laboratory safety are listed in Appendix B.

(1-1) Laboratory Health and Safety Plan

Section 1 - Administrative Responsibilities

Department Heads
Departmental Health & Safety Coordinator
Faculty Members
Employees and Students
Environmental Health & Safety

Section 2 - Safety Committees

Section 3 - Laboratory Construction and Renovation

(1-2) Laboratory Health and Safety Plan

Introduction

University policy mandates a safe, healthful environment for its faculty, staff, students, and visitors. The Chancellor has delegated to each dean, director, chairperson, and supervisor the responsibility for safety performance within their respective units. EH&S and the campus safety committees help to assure that campus policies and state and federal mandates are followed. EH&S and the Safety Committees have written the Laboratory Health and Safety Plan to define administrative responsibilities, accepted safety guidelines and standards, proper laboratory facilities, safety equipment, emergency procedures, medical surveillance, exposure monitoring, training and recordkeeping requirements. This plan is based on applicable health and safety standards promulgated by Federal and State agencies including OSHA Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories (Appendix C) and published standards of nationally recognized professional health and safety groups.

Administrative Responsibilities

Each individual faculty member is responsible for implementing all University health and safety policies in his/her laboratory. The department head will assure compliance with existing health and safety policies by designating a Departmental Health and Safety Coordinator. EH&S is available to provide additional oversight, training, consultation, and technical assistance. Specific responsibilities are outlined below.

Responsibilities of Department Heads

Implementing University safety and health policies

Designating a departmental health and safety coordinator

Reviewing and granting approval for laboratory operations that involve particularly hazardous chemicals

Responsibilities of Departmental Health and Safety Coordinator

Assisting each faculty member in implementing University safety and health policies

Conducting inspections to ensure compliance with existing policies

Reporting all accidents and potential safety problems to EH&S

Communicating information on health and safety policies to faculty and staff

Responsibilities of Faculty Members

Implementing all health and safety policies in the laboratory

Developing written safety procedures applicable to their research and workers

Mandating laboratory practices and engineering controls that reduce the potential for exposure to hazards

Informing all laboratory staff and students of the potential hazards associated with laboratory operations and procedures for dealing with accidents

Assuring employee and student training as required by the Massachusetts Right to Know Law and University health and safety policies

Supervising the laboratory to ensure that safe practices and engineering controls are employed

Instructing the laboratory staff on the location and use of all safety equipment in the facility

Reporting accidents and any other safety problems to the Departmental Health and Safety Coordinator and EH&S

Maintaining pertinent material safety data sheets (MSDS) in the laboratory

Responsibilities of Employees and Students

Following all safety and health procedures specified in the Laboratory Health and Safety Manual and by the faculty supervisor in the laboratory

Attending required health and safety training sessions

Reporting accidents, unhealthy, and unsafe conditions to the faculty supervisor, Department Health and Safety Coordinator and/or EH&S

Notifying the faculty supervisor of any pre-existing health conditions that could lead to serious health situations in the laboratory

Responsibilities of Environmental Health & Safety

Providing technical guidance on matters of laboratory safety

Inspecting laboratories to assure compliance with safety and health guidelines and regulations, and to assist with remediation of safety issues

Investigating accidents and recommending action to reduce the potential for recurrence

Coordinating clean-up operations in the event of chemical spills or other contamination

Developing and conducting training programs in laboratory safety

Working with state and local officials on matters of codes and enforcement

Assisting laboratory personnel with evaluating, preventing and controlling hazards

Overseeing the adoption and implementation of all University health and safety policies

Safety Committees

The following committees have been established in accordance with federal mandates: the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, the Radioisotope Use Committee, the Recombinant DNA Committee, and the Human Subjects Review Committee. On this campus, the Biological Hazards Committee and the Chemical Hazards Use Committee have also been established. The members of these safety committees are appointed by the Vice Chancellor for Research to improve conditions specific to this University. It shall be the responsibility of these committees to establish safety and health policies in accordance with federal, state, and local laws and regulations and evaluate research being conducted on the UMass/Amherst campus for safety and health considerations.

Laboratory Construction And Renovation Projects

All design, construction, and/or modification of laboratory facilities must be reviewed by the Physical Plant Division, Facilities Planning Division, EH&S, and the State Building Inspectors, whether executed by an outside contractor or in-house personnel. In order to ensure the safety of new and renovated laboratories, specific design and construction features are required by state and federal codes. See Appendix D for a partial listing of required and recommended construction practices (Also see the Standards for the Design, Construction, Maintenance, and Use of Fume Hoods).

(2-1) Laboratory Practices and Safety Equipment

Section 1 - General Laboratory Safety Procedures

Section 2 - Laboratory Equipment

Drench Showers
Eye and Face Washes
Fire Extinguishers
First Aid Kits
Laboratory Safety Information
Door Postings and other Signs
Mechanical Pipeting Aids
Sharps Containers and Glass Only Boxes
Laboratory Vision Panel
Floor Drains and Sink Traps
Placement of Safety Equipment

Section 3 - Laboratory Safety Survey

(2-2) Laboratory Practices and Safety Equipment

General Laboratory Safety Procedures

Know the materials you are working with (e.g. chemical, biological, radioactive): Refer to the written laboratory protocols and review the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for chemicals. Consider the toxicity of materials, the health and safety hazards of each procedure, the knowledge and experience of laboratory personnel, and the safety equipment that is available. For additional information see Appendices H, I, J, K, and L for partial lists of hazardous chemical, and the EH&S website http://www-unix.oit.umass.edu/~safety.

Know the location of safety equipment and emergency procedures in your area.

Always wear appropriate clothing (e.g. shirts, shoes) and personal protective equipment (e.g. safety glasses, lab coats, gloves) in the laboratory. Remove personal protective equipment before leaving the laboratory.

Do not work alone at any time in the laboratory. When hazardous operations are conducted, arrangements should be made to have another individual present in the lab.

When working with hazardous chemicals use a properly operating fume hood.

No eating, smoking, drinking, preparing food, or applying cosmetics in the laboratory.

Keep work areas clean and uncluttered at all times.

Do not leave reactions unattended.

Refer to Safety in Academic Chemistry Labs and Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories in addition to this manual for other safety procedures to follow in the laboratory.

Laboratory Equipment

The following safety equipment should be available for laboratory personnel working with hazardous materials.

Drench Showers

Drench showers and other emergency wash systems are used in an emergency to flush chemicals that have accidentally come in contact with laboratory personnel. In order to wash the body properly, clothing should be removed as water is applied. The drench shower can be used to extinguish a clothing fire, but this is not recommended if the shower is more than a couple of feet away. The best method of extinguishing a clothing fire is to "Stop, Drop & Roll", and then remove clothing.

At least three feet of space in each direction is required beneath the shower and this area must be kept free of all obstacles. EH&S inspects drench showers each semester for proper flow and operation. A tag or card is hung on the unit, indicating whether the shower is properly functioning or "Out-of-Service". Physical Plant is then notified if the shower is out of service so that necessary repairs can be made. Once repairs are made, Physical Plant notifies EH&S and the drench shower is checked for proper flow and operation.

Eye and Face Washes

The best treatment for chemical splashes of the eye and face is immediate flushing with copious amounts of water for 15 minutes. Eye and Face Washes are equipped with a stay-open ball valve. All plumbed eye and face washes should be flushed by laboratory occupants on a weekly basis by allowing the water to flow for 3 minutes, to remove stagnant water from the pipes. Plastic eye wash bottles are not acceptable.

Fire Extinguishers

Fire extinguishers have been strategically placed in or just outside laboratories depending on the hazards. A dry chemical (BC) or (ABC) type extinguisher is located in laboratory facilities where flammable liquids are used and a Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) type extinguisher is located in laboratories with computer and electrical equipment (i.e. mass spectrometers, gas chromatographs and NMR facilities). Metal-X extinguishing agent, a graphite material, is used to smother a Class D (flammable solids) fire and is distributed to laboratories when appropriate. For more information on fire extinguishers, contact EH&S.

First Aid Kits

First aid kits should be available in each laboratory. The kit should contain Disposable Gloves, Band-Aids, Gauze Bandage, Gauze Pads and Ice Packs. These kits should not have topical creams, liquids, or ointments that can cause further discomfort and/or hinder medical treatment.

Laboratory Safety Information

MSDS, emergency procedures, safety manuals, and other references should be readily available for all laboratory personnel. See Appendix A for a list of suggested references and the EH&S web site: http://www-unix.oit.umass.edu/~safety for additional resources.

Door Postings and Other Signs

Laboratory Safety Information Cards should be posted on the laboratory door exterior, facing the corridor. The card is used by all emergency response personnel. The card identifies hazards within the facility, the responsible faculty member, and other persons responsible for the laboratory. In the event of an accident, chemical spill, fire or personal injury, assistance from a person familiar with the laboratory may be requested. EH&S should be consulted about other door postings and signs (e.g. radioactive materials, biohazards) that may be required.

Mechanical Pipetting Aids

Mechanical pipetting aids should be used. Mouth pipetting is prohibited.

Sharps Containers and Glass Only Boxes

Sharps containers are used for the disposal of hypodermic needles and syringes, razor blades and other sharp items. When full, sharps containers should be sealed, labeled and disposed of by calling EH&S. (See "Waste Management at UMass") "Glass Only" boxes are used for the disposal of broken glass. When full, the boxes should be properly sealed and disposed of by your building custodian. Sharps containers and "Glass Only" boxes can be obtained (depending on the building) from the Chemical Stockroom, Physical Plant Custodial, departmental offices, or EH&S.

Laboratory Vision Panel

The Laboratory Vision Panel is a 1 ft² area of window space in the main door of the laboratory, used by emergency response personnel to identify internal problems (e.g. an injured person, a small fire, a chemical spill). Please do not block the vision panel area of the door, unless necessary to maintain darkness for optical work, spectroscopy, or photography.

Floor Drains and Sink Traps

In order to reduce odors in buildings, sink traps and floor drains should be filled weekly with one to two liters of water. Laboratories that are not used for long periods of time should be checked regularly to assure that floor drains and sink traps are filled. No equipment should be placed over floor drains to obstruct this routine maintenance.

Placement of Safety Equipment

In newly constructed and renovated laboratories, drench showers, eye washes, and fire extinguishers are located next to the main door of the facility for occupant safety. A hazard (chemical, fire or personal injury) should not come between you and your safe egress from the room. In addition to the safety equipment listed above, emergency gas shut-offs and electric panels should also be located next to the main door. Depending on the work, additional controls and equipment may be needed for protection of laboratory workers.

Laboratory Safety Surveys

EH&S surveys laboratories at least once a year. The safety survey includes: fume hood operation, laboratory techniques, emergency and safety equipment, chemical storage, electrical safety, and general housekeeping. Additional safety surveys are conducted when radioactive materials and biohazardous materials are in use and hazardous waste is stored. EH&S also inspects buildings and fire protection equipment to assure compliance with all appropriate state building and fire prevention codes.

Following the laboratory safety survey, a report listing the hazard(s) is sent to the faculty member responsible for the laboratory. The faculty member is responsible for correcting the hazards and returning the enclosed response to EH&S. If the faculty member fails to respond, a second notice is sent to the department head and the department health and safety coordinator, with a copy to the faculty member. Follow-up surveys are conducted in laboratories with extremely hazardous conditions and/or numerous violations.

In addition to these annual laboratory safety surveys, it is recommended that laboratory personnel update the chemical inventory and conduct their own inspections periodically with guidance from the department health and safety coordinator. A suggested checklist is provided in Appendix E.

(3-1) Personal Protective Equipment

Section 1 - Personal Protective Equipment Policy

Section 2 - Eye and Face Protection

Section 3 - Laboratory Coats And Gloves

Section 4 - Respiratory Protection

(3-2) Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment Policy

The following personal protective equipment must be available for laboratory personnel who are working with hazardous materials. It is also appropriate for laboratories to provide safety glasses for visitors and a sign indicting that eye protection is required where hazardous materials are in use.

Personal protective equipment is not supplied by EH&S. However, EH&S will assist with recommendations on specific types and uses of protective equipment.

Eye And Face Protection

Eye and face protection must be worn in the laboratory when there is a potential for contact with hazardous chemicals or other agents (e.g., non ionizing radiation, biohazardous materials, flying objects.) Please note that all protective eye and face wear should meet American National Standards Institute ANSI Z 87.1, 1989 standards. Visitors' safety glasses are not acceptable for any laboratory procedures. (Contact EH&S for standards).

The type of protection needed depends on the hazard (e.g. chemical, UV, laser, impact). For instance, when laboratory chemicals are used, approved eye protection is mandatory and chemical splash goggles are recommended. Goggles should be worn over eyeglasses or prescription safety glasses with side shields should be worn. Ordinary prescription glasses do not meet these standards. The University has an agreement with a local optician to provide low-cost regular or prescription safety glasses. Be sure to specify side shields. For authorization forms, contact EH&S.

When working with severely corrosive or strongly reactive chemicals, with glasswear under reduced and elevated pressures, in combustion and other high temperature operations, and whenever there is a possibility of an explosion or implosion both eye and skin protection are needed and face shields are necessary in addition to approved safety glasses. Special safety glasses and faceshields may also be required for work with UV light, lasers, and other types of radiation which is absorbed by the eyes or skin (chemical splash goggles are not adequate for these types of work). Please consult with the Radiation Safety group at EH&S.

Laboratory Coats, Gloves, and Other Protective Clothing

Laboratory coats and shoes (not open sandals) should be worn when performing laboratory work. Depending on the type of work, additional personal protective equipment, such as gloves and aprons may be necessary. Coats, aprons and gloves should be removed when leaving the laboratory. Gloves should be replaced immediately if they are contaminated or torn. In situations involving extremely hazardous chemicals, double gloves are recommended. Gloves should be carefully selected for their degradation and permeation characteristics to provide proper protection. The thin, latex, vinyl, or nitrile gloves, popular for their dexterity are not appropriate for highly toxic chemicals or solvents. When using chemicals, consult chemical compatibility information that is provided in manufacturer's catalogs to help you in selecting the proper gloves and other protective clothing. More information on specific types and uses of personal protective apparel is available from EH&S.

Respiratory Protection

The use of air-purifying respirators for routine laboratory work is not recommended. Respirators are discouraged because they protect only the wearer and require periodic medical monitoring, specific training and fit testing before they can be worn effectively. Properly operating laboratory fume hoods provide the best overall protection from chemical hazards in the laboratory.

(4-1) Ventilation

Section 1 - Laboratory Ventilation Policy

Section 2 - Fume Hoods

Procedures for Proper Use of Fume Hoods
Fume Hood alarms
Perchloric acid hoods

Section 3 - Glove Boxes

Section 4 - Gas Cabinets

Section 5 - Biological Safety Cabinets

Section 6 - Horizontal Laminar Flow Hoods

Section 7 - Containment in Vacuum Systems

(4-2) Ventilation

Laboratory Ventilation Policy

All Work With Hazardous Materials Must Be Conducted In A Fume Hood, Gas Cabinet, Glovebox Or Vacuum System.

General room ventilation does not provide adequate protection against hazardous gases, vapors and aerosols. All work with corrosive, flammable, odoriferous, toxic or other dangerous materials shall be conducted only in a properly operating chemical fume hood, gas cabinet, or glovebox. In special situations, vacuum systems are acceptable if approved by the Department Health and Safety Coordinator and EH&S. Ductless fume hoods are not acceptable. When it is not possible to meet the above requirements, EH&S and the Department Health and Safety Coordinator must evaluate hazards together with faculty member to determine if work can be conducted safely. See the Standards for the Design, Construction, and Use of Laboratory Fume Hoods.

Fume Hoods

Fume hoods are checked annually by EH&S. The velocity of the air at the face of the hood is measured with the sash fully open and the results are posted on a sticker, which is attached to the lower right-hand corner of the sash. On most hoods, green dots are placed 16 inches (or lower if necessary to meet the minimum acceptable face velocity) from the bottom of the fume hood. EH&S recommends that researchers work with the sash lowered to the "green dot level" to protect themselves from potential explosions or other dangerous reactions. Variable air volume hoods (VAV) maintain a constant face velocity at different sash heights and may not be labeled with green dots. When conducting experiments researchers should have the sash closed as much as possible.

Hoods that do not meet the minimum exhaust requirements during EH&S inspections are posted "Warning Do Not Use" and Physical Plant is notified about the need for repairs. When repairs have been made, EH&S will test the fume hood for proper operation.

Procedures for Proper Use of Fume Hoods

Before using the hood, make sure air is entering the hood and hood is functioning properly. Report any problems.

Do not block baffle openings or place bulky items in the hood that will prevent air from entering the baffle opening.

Conduct work at least six inches from the edge of the hood

Lower the sash to "green arrow settings" to protect yourself from dangerous reactions.

Keep hood clean and uncluttered. Wipe up spills immediately.

Be aware that drafts from open windows, open doors, fans, air conditioners, or high traffic walkways may interfere with normal hood exhaust

Do not attach "Kim-wipes" or other similar material to the fume hood sash

Use perchloric acid only in special perchloric acid hood. (See Perchloric Acid Hoods)

Fume Hood Alarms

Fume hood alarms indicate substandard operation of fume hoods. They are now installed on every new fume hood system and on those which are upgraded. The fume hood alarm (audio/visual) will indicate an exhaust flow malfunction or a high temperature warning by an audio and visual alarm. If the fume hood alarm sounds, close the sash and notify EH&S. Do not use the fume hood, until repairs have been made and EH&S has removed the "Warning Do Not Use" sign.

Perchloric Acid Hoods

Regular fume hoods must never be used for perchloric acid. Special perchloric acid hoods must be used. The hood must be labeled clearly and used only for perchloric acid or other mineral acids, such as nitric, hydrochloric, and hydrofluoric. No organic solvents should be stored or used in a perchloric acid hood. When perchloric acid is heated above ambient temperature, vapor is formed which can condense in the ductwork and form explosive perchlorates. The hood and ductwork should be washed down after each use.

Glove Boxes

Glove boxes can be used for work with particularly hazardous substances including select carcinogens, reproductive toxins, air reactive chemicals and substances which have a high degree of acute or chronic toxicity. When correctly used, these units prevent vapors, gases, and particulates from escaping into the laboratory.

Gas Cabinets

Toxic and flammable gases such as arsine, phosphine, silane, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, hydrogen phosgene, selenide and nickel carbonyl should be used in an approved gas storage cabinet. In a gas cabinet, hazardous gases are vented through a scrubbing system, which allows inert gases to be exhausted to the atmosphere. In addition, gas cabinets are equipped with monitoring devices and alarm systems that sense hazardous conditions, warn employees of a malfunction, and automatically shut-off the gas flow.

Biological Safety Cabinets

Class II (vertical laminar flow) biological safety cabinets (BSC) provide a partial containment system for the safe handling of pathogenic microorganisms. To ensure safety, BSCs must be used correctly with good microbiological techniques and be in proper mechanical working order. Cabinets should be certified for performance upon installation using Standard #49, section 6 of the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF). Recertification should be conducted annually or during the interim if the cabinet is moved or if a problem is suspected. The University has contracts with several companies to service and certify BSCs. Information on certification is available from the Biological Safety Officer at EH&S.

Horizontal Laminar Flow Hoods

Horizontal laminar flow "clean benches" are present in a number of laboratory facilities. These clean benches provide a very clean environment but must be used only for the manipulation of non-hazardous materials. Since the operator sits in the downstream exhaust from the clean bench, this equipment must never be used for the handling of toxic, infectious, or sensitizing materials, including volatile chemicals, cell culture materials, or drug formulations.

Containment In Vacuum Systems

Hazardous materials may be contained with a vacuum system. Because vacuum pump exhaust may contain hazardous materials it must be properly vented so that air in the laboratory is not contaminated. Pumps and pump oils may also become contaminated with hazardous materials, so personal protective equipment must be worn when repairing pumps or changing pump oil.

(5-1) Emergencies and Accidents

Section 1 - Preparation

Section 2 - In The Event Of A Chemical Spill

Section 3 - In The Event Of A Fire

Section 4 - Accidents and Injuries

(5-2) Emergencies and Accidents

To request emergency assistance on campus (fire, police, or ambulance), dial 911. In all emergencies and accidents, the first consideration is your safety and the safety of those around you.

Preparation

In order to be prepared for an emergency, know the hazards of each compound you work with. Assess the risks before using any chemical and have a laboratory emergency plan for all procedures with hazardous materials on file and posted in a conspicuous area for employees and emergency responders. Consider the following:

toxicity, reactivity, and flammability of the compound
the amounts involved
the expected duration of your exposure to the compound
potential routes of entry for the chemical (i.e., inhalation, ingestion, skin contact)

In The Event of a Chemical Spill:

Alert all persons nearby.
If you have spilled a small amount, know that the chemical is of minimal hazard, and can clean it up, do so. Label and package according to the guidelines above. Otherwise,
Evacuate the area and close the door to the laboratory facility. If flammables are spilled and your safety is assured, turn off any ignition devices.
Contact EH&S at 5-2682 (on weekends, and after 5pm, contact UMass Police at 911) for advice and assistance. Be prepared to provide the identity, amount, and location of the spill, as well as your location and a phone number where you can be reached (not your lab phone, since you should not remain in the lab after the spill).

In The Event of a Fire or Explosion:

Evacuate: Notify occupants nearby
Close the door to the fire area.
Activate the building fire alarm system.
Dial 911 and report exact location of fire.
Evacuate and stay clear of building.

For more information on responding to fires, see the EH&S Fire Safety Manual.

Accidents and Injuries

Serious injuries that require an ambulance must be reported to the University Police Department at 911.

All other injuries should be assessed by a medical care provider (report to Urgent Care at University Health Services at 577-5000 or your own physician) and should be reported as soon as possible to the faculty member, department health and safety coordinator, and EH&S. For a chemical exposure, medical personnel should be given the following information: identity of chemical(s) conditions under which exposures occurred, and signs and symptoms of exposure. When possible an MSDS should be provided. In addition, a written report should be forwarded by the head of the laboratory to the Department Health and Safety Coordinator and to Environmental Health and Safety. A sample Laboratory Accident Report Form is provided in Appendix F. All injured employees of the University must file a Notice of Injury Report with the Personnel Office.

(6-1) Exposure Monitoring and Medical Treatment

Section 1 - Exposure Monitoring

Section 2 - Medical Examination and Consultation

(6-2) Exposure Monitoring and Medical Treatment

Exposure Monitoring

Regular environmental or employee exposure monitoring of airborne concentrations is not warranted or practical in laboratories because the chemicals are used for relatively short periods of time and in small quantities. All procedures are established to minimize possible exposures. Sampling may be appropriate when highly toxic substances are used regularly. Laboratory employees who suspect that they have been overexposed to a toxic chemical should report to UHS for medical treatment if it is necessary and notify EH&S of the exposure. An initial exposure assessment will be made by an industrial hygienist from EH&S and if warranted, specific monitoring will be conducted. A written report will be sent to the employee, supervisor, and departmental health and safety coordinator.

Medical Examination and Consultation

A physician is available at UHS to respond to the occupational health concerns of all University staff and students. A medical provider can be consulted whenever an employee or student develops signs and symptoms of exposure, whenever an event takes place resulting in the likelihood of an exposure, whenever exposure monitoring is above the OSHA action level, or when there are special concerns about chemicals such as reproductive toxins. In addition, special health and educational programs have been set up for:

Laboratory animal care personnel
Feral animal handlers
Personnel handling human blood, body fluids, or tissues
Pesticide applicators

Moreover, recommendations for immunization and/or medical surveillance may be made for personnel working with pathogenic agents or extremely toxic chemicals. For recommendations or referrals to an occupational health provider call EH&S.

(7-1) Training and Information

Section 1 - Training and Information Policy

Section 2 - Laboratory Safety Training

Section 3 - Fire Safety Training

Section 4 - Supplemental Training

(7-2) Training and Information

Training and Information Policy

Faculty members are responsible for insuring that their employees and students receive proper training under the Laboratory Health and Safety Plan. EH&S Laboratory Safety and Fire Safety training is required before initial assignment to a laboratory (Laboratory Safety Seminar, PH 569, a one credit course is an acceptable alternative). When biohazardous or radioactive materials are being used, additional EH&S training is required. (See appropriate sections in this manual). The faculty supervisor or department health and safety coordinator may also require additional training.

Contact EH&S for Laboratory Safety, Fire Safety, Biological Safety, and Radiation Safety Training.

Laboratory Safety Training will include:

Details, location, and availability of UMass Laboratory Health and Safety Plan
Basic toxicology including routes of entry and occupational exposure limits (PELs, TLVs)
General information on physical and health hazards of hazardous chemicals, signs and symptoms of exposure, and measures employees can take to protect themselves
Location and availability of additional reference material
Methods that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical
General information on safety equipment and personal protective equipment
Proper use of laboratory fume hoods
Information on the Massachusetts Right to Know Law
Hazardous Waste Management (an intranet training module is currently being implemented for all affected personnel)

Fire Safety Training will include:

Common fire hazards and causes and your role in preventing fires
What to do in case of a fire and what to do if trapped by a fire
Fire protection systems
How to choose and use the proper fire extinguisher

Hazardous Waste Training / Supplemental Training

Faculty members will provide training to supplement EH&S training. This will include specific information on:

Location of the Laboratory Health and Safety Plan
Hazards and signs and symptoms of exposure associated with chemicals
Personal protective equipment required
Laboratory procedures for emergencies and for handling hazardous materials
Location of Material Safety Data Sheets

(8-1) Record Keeping

Section 1 - Medical Records

Section 2 - Training Records

(8-2) Record Keeping

Medical Records

Confidential medical records will be maintained on employees and students receiving medical surveillance and medical care at University Health Services. These will be located at University Health Services in the Medical Records Department.

Training Records

Training records will include the following information:

Date of training session
Contents or summary of the training
Name of person attending the training
Names of persons conducting the training

Records for training conducted at EH&S will be maintained in the EH&S office. Copies will be forwarded to the Department Health and Safety Coordinator. Records for additional safety training required by departments or individual faculty members will be kept in department offices or by the responsible faculty member.

(9-1) Handling and Disposal of Chemicals

Section 1 - Chemical Procurement and Distribution

Section 2 - Chemical Storage

Section 3 - Labeling Chemicals

Section 4 - Transportation of Chemicals

Section 5 - Chemical Waste

Section 6 - Special Handling Procedures for Chemicals

Prior Approval For Hazardous Chemical Operations
Flammable Liquids

Storage Of Flammable Liquids
Safety Cans
Flammable Storage Cabinets
Flammable Storage Refrigerators

Highly Reactive Chemicals

Peroxidizable Compounds

Corrosive Chemicals
Compressed Gases

Procedures For Proper Handling Of Gas Cylinders

Chemicals Of High Acute And Chronic Toxicity
Procedures For Handling Highly Toxic Chemicals
Controlled Substances
Pesticides

(9-2) Handling and Disposal of Chemicals

Chemical Procurement And Distribution

Plan experiments with safety in mind. Substitute less hazardous chemicals in laboratory procedures when possible. Examples include substituting tertiary-butyl methyl ether (TMBE) for ethyl ether; toluene for benzene, and dichloromethane for chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.
Estimate the amount of chemical required for each experiment and order only what is necessary. Check UMASS Reuse/Exchange for chemical availability. Excess chemicals are very expensive to dispose of and can cause a hazard if stored too long.
Request MSDSs from EH&S website (http://www-unix.oit.umass.edu/~safety/resource.html/) or chemical vendor, maintain a file in the laboratory, and familiarize yourself with the location and contents of MSDSs. MSDSs are requested by Purchasing when chemicals are ordered and sent to EH&S. A file is maintained at EH&S. There are several files of MSDSs that can be accessed on line. Contact EH&S for a current list.
Before opening a package containing hazardous substances, inspect the packaging carefully for any signs of breakage or leakage of material. If there are any signs of leakage, place package in chemical fume hood, protect yourself from exposure, and call EH&S for assistance.
Maintain a current chemical inventory in the laboratory.

Chemical Storage

The number and amounts of chemicals that need to be stored should be reduced to an absolute minimum. Chemicals should be stored based on their compatibility and not in alphabetical order. Acids, flammable liquids, halogenated materials, oxidizers and highly reactive chemicals should all be separated and stored properly to avoid an unwanted chemical reaction. Information on incompatible chemicals is available in Appendix G or from references listed in Appendix A. The following are general guidelines:

Storage areas should be well ventilated (consult with EH&S).
Large containers of reagents should be stored on low shelving, preferably in trays to contain all leaks and spills.
Chemicals should not be stored on the floor, on bench tops or inside fume hoods.
Inventories of storage areas should be conducted at least annually.
Odiferous chemicals should be stored inside cabinets or underneath fume hoods.
Reactive chemicals should be stored in air tight containers or at very low temperatures.
Flammables requiring refrigeration should be stored in explosion-safe refrigerators

Labeling Chemicals

ALL containers including beakers, vials and flasks must be dated and labeled with the chemical constituents and hazard. It is recommended that the user's name also appear on the label. Labels on incoming containers must not be removed or defaced. Dating is especially important in the case of compounds which have a specified shelf life, such as those that will form peroxides (e.g. ethyl ether).

Identifying unknowns for disposal is extremely costly. All laboratory personnel who are leaving the University are responsible for identifying and properly disposing of the chemical waste in their laboratory. See the Policy and Procedures for Lab Cleanout.

Transportation Of Chemicals

Secondary containment of chemicals is required when transporting bottles of chemicals outside the laboratory. Secondary containment is a durable container (e.g. A "Rubber Maid" tote, plastic pail or bottle carrier) with a properly fitted cover, and partially filled with an absorbent material (e.g. vermiculite or speedi-dri). Secondary containers should be used when chemicals are carried through corridors, stairways and inside elevators. The Lederle Graduate Research Tower has a dumbwaiter available for transporting chemicals during regular business hours. The dumbwaiter must be used and guidelines for the use of the dumbwaiter developed by the Lederle Tower Safety Committee must be followed. Under no circumstances should anyone transport chemical containers in a passenger elevator without the use of secondary containers.

Chemical Waste

Most of the waste chemicals resulting from laboratory experiments are hazardous and their generation, storage, and disposal must be given consideration in EVERY experiment. Each laboratory must follow the procedures specified in Waste Management at UMass, available from EH&S.

The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (D.E.P) has the following requirements for chemical waste containers:

Labeling - The label must contain the information shown on the EH&S providedlabels and be fully filled out.
Packaging - The chemical waste container must have a cap in place at all times,except when actively filling or discharging the bottle or can. Be careful how tight the cap is affixed; pressure-producing wastes should not have tight caps.
Storage - The chemical waste must be stored in a location specifically for"CHEMICAL WASTE". Hazardous waste that is not properly packaged and labeled cannot be removed by EH&S.

Special Handling Procedures For Chemicals

For assistance in identifying hazardous chemicals, see appendices H, I, J, and K. The procedures below are listed for specific classes of hazardous chemicals:

Prior Notification for Hazardous Chemical Operations

Faculty members must obtain prior written approval for laboratory operations that involve particularly hazardous chemicals from the department head (health and safety coordinator) and notify EH&S. Prior to work being performed, the responsible faculty member must consider the toxicity of the chemicals used, the hazards of each procedure, the knowledge and experience of laboratory personnel, and the safety equipment that is available. The faculty member will establish a designated area where this work will be performed, and determine special handling, disposal and emergency procedures for this work. In addition the faculty member will determine any additional provisions for employee protection which may include special training requirements for personnel performing the work, medical surveillance, or monitoring to assess exposures. Any changes to approved protocols must be approved. Examples of circumstances that require prior approval are:

Any operation involving known human carcinogens (see Appendix K)
Any use of highly toxic gases ACGIH TLV-TWA or ceiling value < 10 ppm (See Appendix J for some examples)
Any process causing excess pressures which may result in explosions or implosions
Any chemical process or procedure that produces results which are unknown but potentially extremely hazardous
Any laboratory procedure or activity that can not be conducted in accordance with the guidelines established by this Laboratory Health and Safety Plan and other state and federal regulations and guidelines
Any chemical process or procedure which the department has determined to be particularly hazardous and requires prior approval

Each department is responsible for determining what additional procedures and hazardous chemicals will require prior approval by the department health and safety coordinator. The form on the next page is an example of a prior approval form and can be used or departments can develop their own forms for the prior approval process. Prior approval documentation should be kept in department files and also filed with EH&S.

PRIOR NOTIFICATION FOR HAZARDOUS LAB OPERATIONS
UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS/AMHERST

Name:

Department:

Building / Room:

Phone #:

Project or Chemical Procedure:

Personnel Approved For This Procedure:

Personnel Approved For This Procedure:

Please describe below (use additional pages if necessary):

Safety Precautions/Equipment:

Personnel Training:

Waste Disposal:

Emergency Plan:

Medical Surveillance:

AUTHORIZED BY:

DATE:

DEPARTMENT HEAD:

Flammable Liquids

Fire hazards are associated with vapors from the flammable liquid. In order for a fire to occur the following conditions must be met:

Concentration of the vapor must be between the upper and lower explosion limit (UEL, LEL) (See Glossary)
An oxidizing material (e.g. oxygen in the room) must be present
Source of ignition

To work safely with flammable liquids:

Order only the amounts that are necessary
Remove all nearby sources of ignition
Heat flammable liquids with safe heating equipment (e.g. mantles) or explosion safe equipment
When transferring flammable liquid using metal containers, ground both containers
Store flammable liquids in safety cans, flammable storage cabinets, or flammable storage refrigerators
Locate all distillation apparatus inside the fume hood
Do not leave solvent distillation process unattended

Storage of Flammable Liquids

Limits for the storage of flammable solvents are based on fire hazards associated with each liquid. The following requirements must be followed:

Flammable liquids stored in the laboratory should be kept to a minimum.
Flammable liquids should not be stored next to incompatible chemicals.
Storage of flammable liquids outside approved flammable storage cabinets and safety cans must not exceed 10 gallons per 100 square feet of laboratory space (This includes waste).
If you have flammable storage cabinets and approved safety cans, storage must not exceed 20 gallons per 100 square feet of laboratory space.

There are also maximum container size requirements for different classes of flammable liquids and limits for the maximum amounts stored in a laboratory. Consult EH&S for more information.

Safety Cans

Safety cans are approved by Underwriter Laboratory (UL) or Factory Mutual (FM) for flammable and (non-corrosive) combustible materials. They are made of 22-gauge steel, and have a self-closing lid or quarter turn spigot.

Flammable Storage Cabinets

Flammable storage cabinets are designed to contain a fire for 10 minutes, enough time to allow you to escape. Flammable storage cabinets shall not be vented by removing bung caps. They should not be located near exits, electrical panels, or sources of heat or ignition.

Flammable Storage Refrigerators

Flammable liquids shall not be stored in an ordinary household-type refrigerator. Flammable storage refrigerators are specially designed to prevent internal explosions caused by flammable vapors coming in contact with ignition sources (e.g. the temperature control switch or the light). An updated log of the chemicals stored in the refrigerator should be kept in the lab preferably in a plastic pocket attached to the door.

IMPORTANT: Food and beverages must never be stored in any laboratory refrigerator in which chemicals, biological and radioactive materials are kept. If the food and beverage items are being used for research purposes, they must be labeled: "For Experimental Use Only".

Highly Reactive Chemicals

Highly reactive chemicals that are inherently unstable and can react in an uncontrolled manner to liberate heat, toxic gases, or lead to an explosion. These include shock sensitive chemicals, high-energy oxidizers (See Appendix H), and peroxide formers (See Appendix I). Before working with these materials, safety information should be reviewed to evaluate proper storage and handling procedures. In addition to the general procedures above, the following procedures are recommended:

Secure reaction equipment properly
Use impact protection (shields and guards) in addition to chemical splash protection (eye protection, gloves, lab coats)
Handle shock-sensitive chemicals gently to avoid friction, grinding, and impact

If the risks are high, experiments should be performed in an isolated facility with explosion venting and explosion-resistant construction.

Peroxidizable Compounds

Under normal storage conditions, peroxides can form and accumulate in peroxidizable compounds (See Appendix I for some common peroxidizable compounds). Peroxides may then explode violently when chemicals are subject to thermal or mechanical shock. To prevent accidents, peroxidizable compounds should be identified, dated upon opening, inventoried, and evaluated for safe use after three months. (e.g. testing for peroxides). Do not store peroxidizable compounds in colorless glass bottles. Formation of peroxides is catalyzed by light. More information is available from EH&S and in the National Safety Council Publication, "Recognition and Handling of Peroxidizable Compounds".

Corrosive Chemicals

Corrosive chemicals include strong acids and bases, dehydrating agents, nonmetal chlorides, and halogens. These chemicals are acute health hazards and present problems in handling and storage. In addition to general procedures for handling of chemicals detailed in this manual, the following procedures should be followed:

Purchase corrosives in containers coated with a protective plastic film, when available.
Store corrosives under the hood, on low shelving or in acid storage cabinets. Gas cylinders (lecture size) should not be stored in the same cabinet with corrosive liquid, because of possible cylinder/valve damage

Compressed Gases

Compressed gases may present both physical and health hazards. Gases may be flammable, reactive, corrosive, or toxic and these properties must be considered when developing experimental procedures and designing apparatus. In addition, compressed gases when not handled properly and contained in properly designed vessels can be extremely hazardous with a high potential for explosion. All procedures and experimental apparatus used in the handling of extremely toxic gases and gases with a high potential for explosion (See Appendix J for a partial list of Hazardous Gases) must be approved by the departmental head and EH&S shall be consulted for technical assistance. (See Prior Notification for Hazardous Operations in this chapter.)

Although each approved gas cylinder is designed, constructed and tested to safely contain its contents, the following procedures should be taken in handling and storing of compressed gases. Please note that lecture size bottles cannot be purchased unless prior approval is obtained from EH&S. (See Hazardous Lecture Bottle Purchase and Use Policy in this manual)

Procedures For Proper Handling Of Gas Cylinders:

Cylinders must be clearly marked with their contents.
Regulators must be compatible with gas cylinders (Do not use adapters).
Cylinders must be secured to a wall or bench. A gas cylinder cart or stand is also acceptable.
Cylinders must be stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area away from ignition sources, electrical supply sources, and heat.
A safety cap or regulator must always be attached to the cylinder.
Transport capped cylinders on an approved cylinder cart.
Be familiar with the special hazards associated with compressed gases or cryogenic liquefied gases in use.
Store full cylinders away from empty cylinders.
Store oxidizers away from flammable gases.
Do not store cylinders with acids and/or bases.
Keep flammable gases away from doorways.
Work with acutely toxic hazardous gases with special procedures and in approved gas storage cabinets.

Chemicals Of High Acute And Chronic Toxicity

Certain chemicals have been identified as causing acute health effects or long-term chronic health effects. Substances of high acute toxicity cause immediate health effects at very low concentrations.( Moderately toxic LD50 of 500 - 5000mg/kg; very toxic LD50 of 50-500 mg/kg, extremely toxic LD50 of 5-50mg/kg, and supertoxic LD50 <5mg/kg, see glossary for explanation of LD50). Some examples of chemicals with high acute toxicity are the gases hydrogen cyanide, phosgene, or arsine. Research with hazardous chemicals with ACGIH TLV-TWA value or ceiling value < 10 ppm shall receive prior approval from department head. (See Appendix J for some examples)

Substances that have high chronic toxicity cause damage after repeated exposure over a period of time. These may include carcinogens (see Appendix K for a partial list), reproductive toxins, mutagens, teratogens, and sensitizers. Laboratory personnel (male and female) of childbearing age should be notified of any reproductive toxins being used in the laboratory. Any employee who is pregnant or planning to become pregnant should contact EH&S and her personal physician or the occupational health physician at UHS to assess potential exposures

Procedures for Handling Highly Toxic Chemicals

Because chemicals with high acute toxicity and those with high chronic toxicity are hazardous at very low concentrations the following practices must be observed:

Obtain prior written approval from the department head
Notify all employees of the particular hazards associated with this work
Minimize contact with these chemicals by any route of exposure (inhalation, skin contact, mucous membrane contact, or injection)
Work only in a properly operating chemical fume hood, gas cabinet, or glove box
Use acutely toxic hazardous gases in approved gas storage cabinets
Remove all protective clothing before leaving the area, and decontaminate it or if disposable place it in a plastic bag, and secure it. Call EH&S for disposal
Establish an emergency plan for each operation
Decontaminate work surfaces after completing procedures
Protect vacuum pumps from contamination with scrubbers or filters and protect the laboratory from contamination by properly exhausting vacuum pumps.
Do not conduct normal laboratory work in the designated area until decontaminated.
Post designated areas with a sign which reads:

- WARNING -

DESIGNATED AREA FOR HANDLING THE FOLLOWING

SUBSTANCES WITH HIGH ACUTE OR CHRONIC TOXICITY

(List of Substances)

AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY

Controlled Substances

Controlled substances are regulated by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts under Massachusetts General Laws and regulations 105 CMR 700. Any researcher who purchases one or more controlled substances referenced in the law including hypodermic syringes and/or needles or prescription drugs must be licensed. See the following university policy "Purchase of Controlled Substances Including Hypodermic Syringes and Needles" for licensing and purchasing requirements.

University of Massachusetts System

Purchasing Manual

Date: 07/01/94

Page: 2.24.1 - Amherst

Subject: Purchase of Controlled Substances, Including Hypodermic Syringes & Needles

Pursuant to Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 94C, Section 27, and Commonwealth of Massachusetts Regulations 105 CMR 700, any researcher instructor who purchases one or more controlled substances as referenced in the law, including, but not necessarily limited to, hypodermic syringes and/or needles or prescription drugs, for any purpose from any vendor, must be licensed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Department of Public Health.

(Note: Under the law, hypodermic syringes and needles are a Schedule VI Controlled Substance. In addition, only state hospitals are exempt from paying the licensing fee.)

If the intended purpose of the purchase does not involve the administration of prescription drugs, the appropriate license is the one entitled, "Application for License to Obtain, Receive or Purchase Hypodermic Syringes, Needles or any Instrument Adapted for the Administration of Controlled Substances by Injection."
If the intended purpose of the purchase involved prescription drugs, no matter how administered, the appropriate license is the one entitled, "Application for Registration under the Controlled Substances Act."

Furthermore, each researcher/instructor who so purchases a controlled substance shall maintain a perpetual inventory, in a bound ledger (not loose leaf), consisting of the purchase order number, the name of the licensed researcher/instructor, the purchase order date, the quantity received, the quantity and date issued, and the intended purpose. Said ledger shall be maintained in the department office and shall be provided to state inspectors upon request.

Blanket and Term Contract orders shall not be used to order controlled substances. Only line-term specific purchase orders are appropriate. Each such purchase order shall reference the researcher/instructor's registration number, as issued by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Department of Public Health.

Application forms may be obtained from, and questions should be referred to, the Division of Food and Drugs, at the address and telephone number listed below. The name of our current contact is Ann O'Brien.

License fees may be paid out of non-appropriated (non-state) department funds. Purchase Orders/Requests should be addressed as follows:

Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Dept. of Public Health, Div. of Food and Drugs
Controlled Substances, Registration Program
305 South Street
Jamaica Plains, MA 02130
Vendor Code: V 997 035 052 0; Object Code 3560
Telephone: (617) 983-6717
Contact: Ann O'Brien

The completed application form should be attached to the purchase order and processed through the Procurement Department.

Controlled substances shall be kept in a locked, secured location.

The end users shall dispose of all controlled substances in accordance with the law.

Pesticides

Pesticide Applicators

According to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts regulations, 33 CMR 10.00, Certification and Licensing of Pesticide Applicators, Section 10.03: General Provisions Paragraph (2) No person shall use a pesticide that has been classified by the Subcommittee as being for restricted or state limited use unless he is an appropriately certified private or commercial applicator or an individual acting under the direct supervision of an appropriately certified applicator. This requirement does not apply to persons conducting laboratory type research involving restricted or state limited use pesticides; or Doctors of Medicine and Doctors of Veterinary Medicine applying pesticides as drugs or medication during the course of their normal practice.

Paragraph (3) No person shall use, or supervise the use as a commercial applicator any pesticide classified by the Subcommittee as being for general use unless he either is appropriately certified or appropriately licensed.

Information on the training and application for a license and/or certification may be obtained through the Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Massachusetts: 545-1044.

All pesticide applicators must be trained under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Worker Protection Standard. This standard requires training for all pesticide workers and handlers. Training covers areas such as: in what forms pesticides may be encountered, hazards of pesticides, routes of entry, signs and symptoms, first aid, how to obtain medical care, decontamination procedures, hazards from residues, and an explanation of the Worker Protection Standard.

A "RECORD OF PESTICIDE USAGE" shall be maintained for all pesticide applications (see FIGURE 1).

Medical Surveillance

All supervisors of pesticide applicators must insure that their personnel have been fully informed of the potential availability of medical testing (see FIGURE 2).

Cholinesterase Tests For The Applicator

All individuals who use organophosphate and/or carbamate insecticides must be tested to determine their red blood cell cholinesterase level every 3 months unless otherwise advised by medical personnel. This is a very important test for pesticide applicators. Cholinesterase is necessary for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Organophosphates and carbamate insecticides can lower blood cholinesterase levels. It is important that the level of this enzyme be checked periodically. University of Massachusetts personnel who apply pesticides can obtain free testing at the University Health Services (UHS). No appointment is necessary. Report to the UHS laboratory weekday from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. for a cholinesterase test. Individuals will be informed of their test results which will then become a permanent part of their medical record.

Skin Rashes

Greenhouse and agricultural workers should also be on the alert for skin rashes (dermatitis). This irritation may vary from mild itching to a rash with intense itching. In severe cases, there may be open sores. In addition to pesticides, poison ivy can cause dermatitis. Some individuals are sensitive to the foliage of chrysanthemums, geraniums or primroses and can develop a rash when exposed. Other agents which produce skin irritation include bacteria, fungi, and parasites such as mites and ticks.

Other Medical Testing

For permanent employees who spend a large proportion of their working hours with pesticides, a long-range program of health monitoring is strongly urged. Such a program consists of a variety of medical tests and can be arranged on an individual basis through the UHS Occupational Medicine Program: 577-5000.

Record of Pesticide Usage

(This Record Shall be Kept on File for 3 Years)

Area treated:

Date:

Building:

Time started:

Room:

Time finished:

Pesticide and formulation: (Brand or registered name)

EPA Registration #

Dosage applied:

Method of application:

Target organisms:

Licensed person who planned operation:

Person(s) Who made the actual application:

Hazards, accidents, illnesses or injuries encountered:

Person notified of pesticide application:

Work order number:

FIGURE 1.

SUPERVISOR'S RECORD OF MEDICAL TESTING OF PERSONNEL

It is mandatory that all supervisors of pesticide applicators keep records on their personnel and insure that they have been fully informed of the potential hazards in the work that they perform and of the availability of medical testing. The following form will be used by supervisors to document that employees have been advised of these tests.

Name of Pesticide User

has been informed of the potential hazards of his/her employment and of pesticide use and the availability of medical testing at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.

Name of Pesticide User

has (check one)

accepted ___ medical testing.

rejected ___ medical testing.

Signature of Pesticide User

Date

Signature of Supervisor

Date

COMMENTS:

FIGURE 2.

(10-1) Biological Safety

Section 1 - Pathogenic Microorganisms

Section 2 - Laboratory Animals

Section 3 - Human Blood And Body Fluids

Section 4 - Recombinant DNA

Section 5 - Importation and Interstate Shipment of Pathogens

Packaging and Transport of Biological Materials

Section 6 - Biosafety Practices And Safety Equipment

Biohazard Laboratory Inspections
Biohazard Signs And Labels

Section 7 - Biohazard Waste Disposal Practices

Storage and Treatment Of Biohazardous Waste
Disposal of Animals and Bedding
Autoclave Maintenance and Testing

(10-2) Biological Safety

Pathogenic Microorganisms

The Biological Hazards Committee requires that research with pathogenic microorganisms and human blood/body fluids and tissues be registered prior to the initiation of work. For this registration, a pathogen is defined as any organism known to cause infection or suspected of causing infection in humans, animals, insects, or plants. Registration forms for Biosafety Level II, III, and IV are available from EH&S.

All faculty, staff, and students who are working with microbiological organisms or materials potentially infected with microbial organisms are expected to follow the guidelines specified in Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl4/bmbl4toc.htm). These guidelines describe four biosafety levels which specify microbiological practices, laboratory facilities, and safety equipment. Work with infectious agents is assigned to a specific biosafety level based on the potential hazard of the agent to people. Four biosafety levels are also described for infectious disease activities in which small laboratory animals are used. All questions about biological safety should be directed to the Biosafety Officer at EH&S.

Laboratory Animals

All research with animals must be approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) The Committee has been established in accordance with all applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. Please contact the Director of Animal Care on campus for further information. (See Appendix B for telephone number.) In addition, if pathogenic microorganisms or human blood / body fluids are involved, research must be registered with the Biological Hazards Committee.

Human Blood And Body Fluids

The Biological Hazards Committee requires that research with human blood/body fluids and tissues be registered prior to the initiation of work and that the Campus Policy Human Body Fluids Precautions be followed. Registration forms and reference materials are available from EH&S. Laboratory practices should be followed on the assumption that all human blood, body fluid, and tissues are infectious (universal precautions). The Centers for Disease Control and National Institutes for Health recommend that biosafety levels 2 (BSL 2) standards, containment, and facilities be used for activities involving clinical specimens, body fluids and tissues from humans or from laboratory animals infected or inoculated with human material. (See above and Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services.) These standards should also be applied to work with human cells in culture, human serum-derived reagents which may be used as controls, and blood obtained from the Red Cross.

Recombinant DNA

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has published guidelines which specify practices for constructing and handling recombinant DNA molecules and organisms and viruses containing recombinant DNA molecules (http://www.nih.gov/od/oba/ - Federal Register July 5, 1994, Separate Part IV) . Projects proposing recombinant DNA methodologies must be registered with the Recombinant DNA Committee (see Appendix B for telephone number). Projects which are subject to the NIH Guidelines are reviewed by the committee.

Importation And Interstate Shipment Of Pathogens

Etiologic agents of human diseases, vectors, and diagnostic specimens must be packaged, labeled, and shipped in accordance with regulations from U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Transportation, U.S. Postal Service and other agencies. In addition, importation of etiologic agents and vectors of human disease are subject to Public Health Service foreign quarantine regulations and permits are required by the Center for Disease Control (C.D.C.). The U.S. Department of Agriculture regulates the importation and interstate shipment of animal and plant pathogens and permits may be required for interstate movement of certain animal or plant pathogens.

Packaging and Transport of Biological Materials

Secondary containers such as sealable plastic containers are required when biological materials are carried to another laboratory or building. Biological materials that are sent off campus by mail or common carrier must be securely packaged to prevent accidental leakage or breakage. Primary containers must be sealed tightly, surrounded by absorbent packing material to retain leakage, and placed in secondary containers. Secondary containers must be sealable and break-resistant. A shipping container with the address label should surround the secondary container. Both primary and secondary containers should be labeled with the type of material being shipped and the names, addresses and telephone numbers of both shippers and receivers. Additional labeling may be required. Please contact individual carriers or the Biological Safety Officer at EH&S for more information.

Biosafety Practices and Safety Equipment

Biohazard Laboratory Inspections

In addition to routine laboratory inspections, EH&S conducts a biohazard evaluation of all laboratories in which biohazards have been identified, to insure that appropriate facilities and procedures are being used. Microbiological techniques, treatment and disposal of biohazardous waste, safety equipment and facilities, and proper training of laboratory personnel are evaluated.

Biohazard Signs and Labels

A biological hazard sign with the international biological warning symbol should be affixed to the doors of all biosafety level 2 or 3 laboratories. In addition, equipment used to store biohazardous materials (e.g., incubators, refrigerators, freezers) and receptacles for storage of biohazardous waste should be labeled (Signs and labels are available from EH&S).

Biological Safety Cabinets and Horizontal Laminar Flow Hoods

See Chapter 4 Ventilation in this manual.

Biohazardous Waste Disposal Practices

Storage, Treatment, and Disposal of Biohazardous Waste

Biohazardous wastes generated during experiments should be placed in covered and labeled (biohazard label) containers or in a bag within a secondary container. Care should be taken to place all needles and syringes and other sharps in puncture proof containers. These "sharps containers" are available in your department or from Environmental Health and Safety (See Chapter 2 Laboratory Equipment Sharps Containers). All biohazardous waste must be decontaminated by autoclaving, chemical disinfection, or incineration (see Waste Management at UMass and Appendix L). Once this material has been properly decontaminated by autoclaving or chemical disinfection, it is no longer biohazardous and can be disposed of in the sewer system or in regular trash cans. Please note that biohazard labels should be removed from decontaminated material or biohazard bags should be placed in unlabeled plastic bags before disposal with regular trash. Notify Environmental Health and Safety for disposal of sharps containers and incineration of biohazardous waste. If hazardous chemicals or radioactive materials are also present please consult EH&S before treatment and disposal.

Disposal of Animals and Bedding

All dead animals (or animal tissues) that have been used for teaching and/or research purposes are to be disposed of by incineration. The carcasses must be packed in a leakproof container, labeled appropriately, and refrigerated or frozen until disposal. If the animals or animal tissues have been placed in a formaldehyde solution, they must be separated from the solution before incineration.

Animal bedding must be disposed of in a sanitary manner. Bedding contaminated with biohazardous waste, (e.g., from animals shedding pathogens) must be decontaminated before disposal. All bedding should be placed in heavy-duty, leakproof bags, tied securely and placed in dumpsters. Loose bedding shall not be placed in dumpsters. (see Waste Disposal at UMass for more information on packaging and disposal).

Autoclave Maintenance and Testing

To insure sterility of materials and adequate decontamination of wastes, it is important for all departments to maintain autoclaves and to train personnel in their proper use. All autoclaves on campus are checked routinely by EH&S to make sure they are properly maintained and procedures are adequate for the decontamination of biohazardous waste. To comply with state regulations, records of decontamination must be kept.

(11-1) Radiation Safety

EH&S has a Radiation Protection Program, which works under the authority of the Faculty/Administration Radioisotope Use Committee. This program assures compliance with the University's Nuclear Regulatory Commission and State licenses to use radioactive materials. EH&S provides a range of radiation protection services, including training of laboratory personnel, inventory of all radioisotopes used on campus, receipt and delivery of all radioactive material, and waste pickup and disposal. For more information consult the Radiation Safety Manual and contact the Radiation Safety Office at EH&S.

(12-1) University Of Massachusetts/Amherst - Policies and Procedures

Section 1 - Policies and Procedures for Laboratory Clean Out Of Hazardous Materials

Section 2 - Hazardous Lecture Bottle Purchase and Use Policy

(12-2) University of Massachusetts/Amherst - Policies and Procedures

Policy and Procedures For Laboratory Clean-Out Of Hazardous Materials

Chemical Hazards Use Committee
May 1994
University of Massachusetts/Amherst

Policy:

A policy is established for the "Laboratory Clean-out of Hazardous Materials" to assure that hazardous materials are disposed of properly when faculty, staff, postdoctoral associate, or graduate student transfers to a different laboratory or leaves the University. This policy will reduce the number of unwanted and unknown hazardous materials in laboratories, reduce waste disposal costs, and provide laboratory personnel with a healthful, safe, and clean place to work. This policy specifies responsibilities of the individual and department and the procedures that must be followed for the proper disposition of hazardous materials.

The faculty member assigned to a laboratory is responsible for the proper use and disposal of all hazardous materials in his/her assigned laboratory space. When a faculty member or personnel under his/her supervision transfers to a new laboratory or leaves the University, s/he must follow proper "clean-out" procedures. Each department will be responsible for developing written checkout procedures and inspecting facilities for hazardous materials when laboratory close out procedures have been completed. Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) will review checkout procedures and provide information on hazardous materials, proper disposal procedures, and regulations governing disposal of hazardous materials.

Any problems resulting from improper management of hazardous materials at closeout will be addressed by the department head/chairperson, appropriate dean, director of EH&S and the chairperson of the appropriate safety committee (Chemical Hazard Use, Radiation Use, or Biological Hazard Committee). EH&S will not be responsible for any additional cleanup costs, regulatory action or fines resulting from non-compliance with this policy. In these instances, the responsible department head will arrange for the necessary remediation funds.

Procedures:

Remove and properly dispose of all hazardous materials from the main laboratory and also from any shared storage units such as refrigerators, cold rooms, stock rooms, and waste collection areas. Please refer to the Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) publications, "Laboratory Safety Manual", "Waste Management at UMass", and "Radiation Safety Manual. A suggested Laboratory Checkout List is attached.
Clean and decontaminate all laboratory equipment, fume hoods, benchtops, cabinets, floors, and shelves.
If laboratory equipment is to be discarded, the following is necessary:

Beware that hazardous materials (e.g., batteries, capacitors, transformers, mercury switches, mercury thermometers, oil, asbestos linings, radioactive sources, and CFCs from refrigerators, etc.) may be in equipment and must be removed before disposal. Contact EH&S for assistance.
To dispose of equipment (not containing hazardous materials), notify the Property and Inventory Control Office. The supervising faculty member of the laboratory shall inspect the facilities and notify the department head/chairperson that graduate students, postdoctoral associates, and employees under his/her supervision have followed the proper disposal procedures and fulfilled his/her responsibilities for cleanup. In the absence of a supervising faculty member, the department head/chairperson shall appoint a faculty member to inspect the facilities or request that EH&S inspect the facilities to determine if the laboratory has been properly cleaned and decontaminated.

Sample Laboratory Checkout List

Each faculty member, graduate, postdoctoral, and undergraduate student shall have this form signed by the faculty member and department head before leaving the department.

Name:

Building:

Room:

Chemicals

*Inventory and label all chemicals and chemical waste in the laboratory. All areas of the laboratory should be inspected including refrigerators, acid and flammable storage cabinets, shelves, and drawers

*Transfer chemicals in good condition to another researcher or to EH&S Re-Use and Exchange Program.

Compressed Gas Cylinders

*Return to distributor/supplier

*Report lecture size cylinders to EH&S

Controlled Substances

*Inventory all controlled substances and dispose of in accordance with state and federal laws.

Biological Materials

*Inventory and label all materials

*Transfer usable materials to another researcher

*Decontaminate and dispose of biohazardous waste

Radiological Material

*Send inventory of all reusable material to EH&S

*Return film badge (if one has been issued) to EH&S

*Contact EH&S, Radiological Safety for checkout procedures

Hazardous Waste Disposal

*Properly package, cap, and label all hazardous material. Refer to EH&S manual "Waste Management at UMass"

*Characterize all "Unknown" chemicals as completely as possible and give list to EH&S

*Fill out Hazardous Waste Request Form and return to EH&S

Defective Equipment/Laboratory Repairs

*Report to principal investigator, department head for repair or replacement.

Signature:

Faculty Member / Department Head

Date:

cc: Department Health and Safety Coordinator, Environmental Health & Safety

Hazardous Lecture Bottle Purchase and Use

Chemical Hazards Use Committee
September 1994
University of Massachusetts/Amherst

Applicability

This policy applies to all university personnel purchasing or using the category of small cylinders of compressed gas or liquids under pressure called "lecture bottles."

Purpose:

To eliminate the generation of lecture bottles of unknown contents and those with known contents which cannot be economically disposed.

Policy:

Researchers should comply with the following:

Do not buy lecture bottles from suppliers who are not willing to accept back cylinders that still have contents.
If this is not possible, plan to use all the bottle contents or develop procedures to destroy any hazardous constituents remaining.
Comply with all safety recommendations from the supplier of the lecture bottle and supplier of the regulator or manual control.
Insure that any fixtures attached to the lecture bottle comply with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Insure that purging procedures are complied with, where applicable.
When the lecture bottle is empty, mark it as such with an indelible marker.
If it contained a poison gas or liquid, contact EH&S as soon as it is empty for disposal instructions. Some bottles are still hazardous when "empty."
When use is finished, contact EH&S for disposition instructions, if needed. DO NOT store unneeded lecture bottles of hazardous gases for some possible future use.

Reason:

Disposal of hazardous lecture bottles is one of the most difficult, expensive waste management operations. Few suppliers are willing to take back their cylinders. Lecture bottles with unknown contents can cost thousands of dollars to dispose. Old bottles can also pose a significant hazard, both to lab personnel and others. Small leaks in storage can damage nearby equipment.

(13-1) Individual Laboratory Health and Safety Plan and Additional Procedures

Section 1 - Individual Health and Safety Plan

Section 2 - Additional Procedures and Safety Information

(13-2) Individual Laboratory Health and Safety Plan

Individual Health and Safety Plan

The University of Massachusetts Laboratory Health and Safety Plan provides a general outline of laboratory policies and procedures. This plan should be adapted by each faculty member to meet the specific needs in his/her laboratory by adding safety and health policies and procedures specified by the faculty member and the department. The following is suggested list of information to be included:

Hazardous Materials being used in the laboratory

Required Training

Medical Monitoring

Registrations/Notifications/Permits

List of Laboratory Personnel

Special Emergency Procedures

Individual Laboratory Procedures

Departmental Policies and Procedures

A sample form has been included which can be further developed to meet the needs of individual laboratories.

Individual Laboratory Health and Safety Plan

(To be filled out by faculty member)

Faculty Member:

Department:

Building / Room:

Office Phone:

Lab Phone:

Identification of Hazards: [e.g. chemical, biological, ionizing or non-ionizing radiation, physical (be specific)]

Required Training: Include EH&S training (e.g. Laboratory Safety Training, Fire Safety Training, Biosafety Training, Radiation Safety Training), departmental training, and individual lab training.

Medical Monitoring: (e.g. if working with human blood, hepatitis B immunization must be offered).

Registrations/Notifications/Permits: e.g. Animal Use (IACUC), radiation (RUC, EH&S), biohazards (Biohazard C., EH&S).

Special Emergency Procedures

List of Laboratory Personnel:

PRIOR NOTIFICATION FOR HAZARDOUS LAB OPERATIONS UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS/AMHERST
Name:	Department:
Building / Room:	Phone #:
Project or Chemical Procedure:
Personnel Approved For This Procedure:
Personnel Approved For This Procedure:
Please describe below (use additional pages if necessary):
Safety Precautions/Equipment:
Personnel Training:
Waste Disposal:
Emergency Plan:
Medical Surveillance:
AUTHORIZED BY:	DATE:
DEPARTMENT HEAD:

Date: 07/01/94	Page: 2.24.1 - Amherst
Subject: Purchase of Controlled Substances, Including Hypodermic Syringes & Needles

Record of Pesticide Usage (This Record Shall be Kept on File for 3 Years)
Area treated:	Date:
Building:	Time started:
Room:	Time finished:
Pesticide and formulation: (Brand or registered name)
EPA Registration #
Dosage applied:
Method of application:
Target organisms:
Licensed person who planned operation:
Person(s) Who made the actual application:
Hazards, accidents, illnesses or injuries encountered:
Person notified of pesticide application:
Work order number:
FIGURE 1.

SUPERVISOR'S RECORD OF MEDICAL TESTING OF PERSONNEL
It is mandatory that all supervisors of pesticide applicators keep records on their personnel and insure that they have been fully informed of the potential hazards in the work that they perform and of the availability of medical testing. The following form will be used by supervisors to document that employees have been advised of these tests.

Name of Pesticide User
has been informed of the potential hazards of his/her employment and of pesticide use and the availability of medical testing at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.

Name of Pesticide User
has (check one)
accepted ___ medical testing.	rejected ___ medical testing.

Signature of Pesticide User	Date

Signature of Supervisor	Date
COMMENTS:
FIGURE 2.

Sample Laboratory Checkout List
Each faculty member, graduate, postdoctoral, and undergraduate student shall have this form signed by the faculty member and department head before leaving the department.
Name:	Building:		Room:
Chemicals Inventory and label all chemicals and chemical waste in the laboratory. All areas of the laboratory should be inspected including refrigerators, acid and flammable storage cabinets, shelves, and drawers Transfer chemicals in good condition to another researcher or to EH&S Re-Use and Exchange Program.
Compressed Gas Cylinders Return to distributor/supplier Report lecture size cylinders to EH&S
Controlled Substances *Inventory all controlled substances and dispose of in accordance with state and federal laws.
Biological Materials Inventory and label all materials Transfer usable materials to another researcher *Decontaminate and dispose of biohazardous waste
Radiological Material Send inventory of all reusable material to EH&S Return film badge (if one has been issued) to EH&S *Contact EH&S, Radiological Safety for checkout procedures
Hazardous Waste Disposal Properly package, cap, and label all hazardous material. Refer to EH&S manual "Waste Management at UMass" Characterize all "Unknown" chemicals as completely as possible and give list to EH&S *Fill out Hazardous Waste Request Form and return to EH&S
Defective Equipment/Laboratory Repairs *Report to principal investigator, department head for repair or replacement.
Signature: Faculty Member / Department Head		Date:
cc: Department Health and Safety Coordinator, Environmental Health & Safety

Individual Laboratory Health and Safety Plan
(To be filled out by faculty member)
Faculty Member:	Department:
Building / Room:
Office Phone:	Lab Phone:
Identification of Hazards: [e.g. chemical, biological, ionizing or non-ionizing radiation, physical (be specific)]
Required Training: Include EH&S training (e.g. Laboratory Safety Training, Fire Safety Training, Biosafety Training, Radiation Safety Training), departmental training, and individual lab training.
Medical Monitoring: (e.g. if working with human blood, hepatitis B immunization must be offered).
Registrations/Notifications/Permits: e.g. Animal Use (IACUC), radiation (RUC, EH&S), biohazards (Biohazard C., EH&S).
Special Emergency Procedures
List of Laboratory Personnel: